Satake, K. On an idyllic Monday night in , the palm-lined coasts of the American Samoa, Samoa, and Tonga Islands looked peaceful and. On July 17, , a 7. But the terror. Tsunamis—huge ocean waves generated by sudden movements in the seafloor, landslides, or volcanic activity—have killed hundreds.
How It Happened The event resulted from thrust faulting on the subduction zone plate boundary between the Pacific and North America plates, according to the U.
High Costs In Japan, the event resulted in the total destruction of more than , houses and damage to almost a million more. From Peril to Preparedness To learn from the tragedy in Japan, researchers collected extensive data on tsunami wave forces and building performance. References Kong, L. Published March 11, Tsunami Sources Poster. An international group of scientists that drilled miles beneath the Pacific Ocean and into the earthquake fault now have answers to these questions, and they report their findings in a trio of papers published today in Science.
The epicenter of the quake was in an unusual spot , about kilometers east of Sendai, Japan, just off the northern coast of that nation. In this area, a subduction zone, the Pacific plate is diving beneath the Eurasian plate. The epicenter of Tohoku-Oki earthquake was off the east coast of northern Japan. Image via USGS. A little over a year after the earthquake, the deep sea drilling vessel Chikyu was tasked with the mission to drill into the fault off the Japanese coast and install a temperature observatory.
In Japan, earthquake was believed to be induced by huge "catfish" underground in the past days. Today, earthquake is understood to occur when the crust is ruptured along the fault. In Japan, almost all major earthquake is related to the subduction of the oceanic crust. One of the major types occured between the continental crust and the oceanic crust. RMS collaborated with local experts, scientific agencies, and insurers to develop a superior representation of earthquake risk in Japan.
Leveraging substantial detailed damage statistics and claims data from the Tohoku and Kumamoto events, the model assesses building performance due to ground shaking, tsunami inundation, fire following earthquake, liquefaction, and landslides.
The inclusion of these five sources of potential property damage and business interruption losses provides a comprehensive solution for managing and differentiating the risk posed by earthquakes in Japan. Chesley manages the commercial development of the RMS earthquake and tsunami models for the Asia-Pacific region.
Chesley has recently shifted roles from model development to product management to use her years of experience at RMS to facilitate strategic product development, product marketing and product management. Chesley holds a master's degree in geophysics from Stanford University, where she researched ground deformation associated with the Loma Prieta earthquake. Chesley Williams May 01, Low-Frequency, but High-Consequence Events The Kobe event highlights the high consequence impacts of crustal faulting events on inland exposures in Japan.
Figure 1. Residential single-family dwelling damage in Mashiki-machi, Kumamoto Prefecture. Source: RMS Reconnaissance Team Crustal Fault Seismic Risk Following the Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, several extensive research projects were undertaken across Japan to understand the timing of past events and the potential for future events, including ones larger than those observed historically. Figure 2.
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