This article is not, nor is it intended to be, a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment and should never be relied upon for specific medical advice. The antioxidant mechanism underlying the Aged Garlic Extract- and S-allylcysteine-induced protection. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. Chauhan NB and Mehla J. The effects of Kyolic aged garlic extract on gut microbiota, inflammation, and cardiovascular markers in hypertensives: the gargic trial.
Frontiers in Nutrition. Aged garlic extract and coenzyme Q10 have favorable effect on inflammatory markers and coronary atherosclerosis progression: A randomized clinical trial. J Cardiovasc Dis. We recommend taking our Kyolic products with food, preferably during or right after a meal.
With food, the pH of the stomach is less acidic which allows the AGE and its constituents to survive and go into the intestinal tract for absorption. As with any dietary supplement, results vary from individual to individual. We generally recommend taking the product for one to three months before evaluating. The garlic used to make our AGE is organically grown in California, USA, under strictly controlled conditions without the use of chemical fertilizers, herbicides or pesticides.
Share Online. Printer Friendly. Why Does Chemistry Matter in Supplements? Recaps of recent studies: Dr. Karin Ried of the National Institute of Integrative Medicine in Melbourne Australia has discovered that a daily dose of Kyolic Aged Garlic Extract not only reduces blood pressure, but improves the bacterial balance in the gut. The mean blood pressure was significantly reduced over the course of the trial, with a 10mmHg drop in systolic blood pressure and a 5.
Garlic may also trigger allergic responses in some individuals, including asthma in people with occupational exposure to garlic powder or dust Exposure of the skin to garlic has been reported to cause contact dermatitis in some individuals , More serious skin lesions, including blisters and burns, have also been reported with topical exposure to garlic for six or more hours. The safety characteristics of the various garlic preparations likely depend on their specific chemical composition see Table 1.
Aged garlic extract — the only water-based garlic supplement — showed a safe profile in toxicity studies and exhibited no undesirable side effects when combined with anticoagulants warfarin , antiplatelets aspirin , cholesterol-lowering statins drugs, or anticancer drugs doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate in clinical settings reviewed in 6.
Safety and toxicity data are lacking for lipophilic hydrophobic garlic preparations, but some of their constituents have been shown to interfere with drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters see Drug interactions.
No adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes have been reported when garlic is consumed in the diet. There is some evidence that garlic consumption alters the odor and possibly the flavor of breast milk. In a controlled cross-over trial , oral consumption of 1.
Infants spent more time breast-feeding after their mothers consumed the garlic extract compared to a placebo , but the amount of milk consumed and number of feedings were not significantly different. Additionally, it is not known if topical use of garlic is safe during pregnancy or lactation. Garlic may enhance the anticoagulant effects of warfarin Coumadin. There have been two case reports in which prothrombin time INR increased in patients who started taking garlic tablets or garlic oil without changing their warfarin dose or other habits However, a more recent study in closely monitored patients on warfarin therapy found that garlic fluid extracts aged garlic extract did not increase hemorrhagic risk Since garlic supplements have been found to inhibit platelet aggregation 90 , there is a potential for additive effects when garlic supplements are taken together with other medications or supplements that inhibit platelet aggregation, such as high-dose fish oil or vitamin E More research is needed to determine whether garlic supplements are safe for people on anticoagulatory therapy.
Supplementation of healthy volunteers with garlic caplets twice daily allicin yield, 7. Although saquinavir undergoes significant metabolism by CYP3A4, supplementation with garlic extract for two weeks did not significantly alter a measure of CYP3A4 activity in healthy volunteers In vitro hepatic models suggested that flavonoids and sulfur-containing compounds in garlic supplements might interfere with the activity of efflux drug transporters of the ATP-binding cassette ABC family, including P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance protein MRP , and breast cancer-resistance protein BCRP , which function as ATP -dependent efflux pumps that actively regulate the excretion of a number of drugs limiting their systemic bioavailability.
Modifications of efflux transporter and CYP3A4 activities may explain how supplementation with garlic phytochemicals might hinder the therapeutic efficacy of medications like antiretroviral drugs Originally written in by: Jane Higdon, Ph. Updated in July by: Victoria J. Drake, Ph. Updated in September by: Barbara Delage, Ph.
Reviewed in December by: Karin Ried, Ph. Gastric cancer and allium vegetable intake: a critical review of the experimental and epidemiologic evidence. Nutr Cancer. Block E. The chemistry of garlic and onions. Sci Am. Blumenthal M. Herb Sales Down 7. HerbalGram: American Botanical Council; Chemopreventive functions and molecular mechanisms of garlic organosulfur compounds.
Food Funct. Lawson LD. Garlic: a review of its medicinal effects and indicated active compounds. Phytomedicines of Europe: Chemistry and Biological Activity. Washington, D. Amagase H. Clarifying the real bioactive constituents of garlic.
J Nutr. Allicin and allicin-derived garlic compounds increase breath acetone through allyl methyl sulfide: use in measuring allicin bioavailability. J Agric Food Chem. Characterization of the formation of allicin and other thiosulfinates from garlic.
Planta Med. Odor components of human breath after the ingestion of grated raw garlic. J Food Sci. Determination of allicin, S-allylcysteine and volatile metabolites of garlic in breath, plasma or simulated gastric fluids. Differentiation of mouth versus gut as site of origin of odoriferous breath gases after garlic ingestion. Am J Physiol. Urinary excretion of N-acetyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine upon garlic consumption by human volunteers.
Arch Toxicol. Jandke J, Spiteller G. Unusual conjugates in biological profiles originating from consumption of onions and garlic.
J Chromatogr. Physical, chemical, and biological properties of s-allylcysteine, an amino acid derived from garlic. Percival SS. A double-blind crossover study in moderately hypercholesterolemic men that compared the effect of aged garlic extract and placebo administration on blood lipids.
Am J Clin Nutr. Pharmacokinetics of the garlic compound S-allylcysteine. Inhibiting progression of coronary calcification using Aged Garlic Extract in patients receiving statin therapy: a preliminary study. Prev Med. Allicin up-regulates cellular glutathione level in vascular endothelial cells. Eur J Nutr. Allicin protects against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis via attenuating reactive oxygen species-dependent signaling pathways.
J Nutr Biochem. Chen C, Kong AN. Free Radic Biol Med. Biochim Biophys Acta. Int J Cardiol. Aged garlic extract enhances heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit expression via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway in human endothelial cells.
Nutr Res. S-allylcysteine prevents cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress. J Pharm Pharmacol. S-allyl cysteine activates the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response and protects neurons against ischemic injury in vitro and in vivo.
J Neurochem. Endothelial function and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases. Circ J. Hemodynamic and histological effects of traumatic brain injury in eNOS-deficient mice. J Neurotrauma. J Interferon Cytokine Res.
Diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide protect endothelial nitric oxide synthase against damage by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Mol Nutr Food Res. Neurochem Int. Mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive effects of garlic bioactives.
S-allyl cysteine restores erectile function through inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation in diabetic rats. Evaluating the anti-neuroinflammatory capacity of raw and steamed garlic as well as five organosulfur compounds. Inhibitory effects and molecular mechanisms of garlic organosulfur compounds on the production of inflammatory mediators.
Diallyl trisulfide exerts anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW Int J Mol Med. Gebhardt R, Beck H. Differential inhibitory effects of garlic-derived organosulfur compounds on cholesterol biosynthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. Ajoene, a garlic compound, inhibits protein prenylation and arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Br J Pharmacol. Liu L, Yeh YY. S-alk en yl cysteines of garlic inhibit cholesterol synthesis by deactivating HMG-CoA reductase in cultured rat hepatocytes.
Aged garlic extract may inhibit aggregation in human platelets by suppressing calcium mobilization. Protective effect of three diallyl sulphides against glucose-induced erythrocyte and platelet oxidation, and ADP-induced platelet aggregation.
Thromb Res. Inhibition of whole blood platelet-aggregation by compounds in garlic clove extracts and commercial garlic products. Life Sci. Aged garlic extract inhibits human platelet aggregation by altering intracellular signaling and platelet shape change. Control of smooth muscle cell proliferation in vascular disease. Curr Opin Lipidol. Molecular basis by which garlic suppresses atherosclerosis.
Garlic extract methylallyl thiosulfinate blocks insulin potentiation of platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide suppress oxidized LDL-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule and E-selectin expression through protein kinase A- and B-dependent signaling pathways. Free radical biology and medicine: it's a gas, man! Lefer DJ. A new gaseous signaling molecule emerges: cardioprotective role of hydrogen sulfide.
Ried K, Fakler P. Potential of garlic Allium sativum in lowering high blood pressure: mechanisms of action and clinical relevance. Integr Blood Press Control. Hydrogen sulfide mediates the vasoactivity of garlic. Mechanisms of inhibition of chemical toxicity and carcinogenesis by diallyl sulfide DAS and related compounds from garlic.
Inhibition of cytochrome P 2E1 by diallyl sulfide and its metabolites. Chem Res Toxicol. The garlic ingredient diallyl sulfide inhibits cytochrome P 2E1 dependent bioactivation of acrylamide to glycidamide.
Toxicol Lett. Protective effects of diallyl sulfide on N-nitrosodimethylamine-induced immunosuppression in mice. Cancer Lett. Anticarcinogenic effect and modification of cytochrome P 2E1 by dietary garlic powder in diethylnitrosamine-initiated rat hepatocarcinogenesis.
J Biochem Mol Biol. Cytochrome P phenotypic ratios for predicting herb-drug interactions in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther. Clinical assessment of effects of botanical supplementation on cytochrome P phenotypes in the elderly: St John's wort, garlic oil, Panax ginseng and Ginkgo biloba.
Drugs Aging. Loizou GD, Cocker J. The effects of alcohol and diallyl sulphide on CYP2E1 activity in humans: a phenotyping study using chlorzoxazone. Hum Exp Toxicol. Munday R, Munday CM. Induction of phase II enzymes by aliphatic sulfides derived from garlic and onions: an overview. Methods Enzymol. Selective expression of glutathione S-transferase genes in the murine gastrointestinal tract in response to dietary organosulfur compounds.
Chemopreventive effect of S-allylcysteine and its relationship to the detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase. Relative activities of organosulfur compounds derived from onions and garlic in increasing tissue activities of quinone reductase and glutathione transferase in rat tissues. The involvement of Nrf2 in the protective effects of diallyl disulfide on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic oxidative damage and inflammatory response in rats.
Food Chem Toxicol. Protective effects of diallyl disulfide on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity through activation of Nrf2. Environ Toxicol. Cell-cycle dysregulation and anticancer therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci. Multitargeted prevention and therapy of cancer by diallyl trisulfide and related Allium vegetable-derived organosulfur compounds. Garlic constituent diallyl trisulfide prevents development of poorly differentiated prostate cancer and pulmonary metastasis multiplicity in TRAMP mice.
Cancer Res. Aged garlic extract inhibits 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumor development by suppressing cell proliferation. Oncol Rep. Induction of apoptosis in tumor cells by naturally occurring sulfur-containing compounds. Mutat Res. Apoptosis induction by S-allylcysteine, a garlic constituent, during 7,dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.
Cell Biochem Funct. Garlic induces apoptosis during 7,dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Oral Oncol. Protective effects of garlic oil on hepatocarcinoma induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine in rats. Int J Biol Sci. Aged garlic extract inhibits angiogenesis and proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cells.
The genus Allium--Part 3. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. Antimicrobial properties of Allium sativum garlic. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. John's wort, ginkgo and others. Find out how permethrin sprays differ and which can be used on sheets and sleeping bags versus clothing. Find out if black garlic can lower cholesterol, reduce inflammation or has anti-cancer properties, plus how it compares to fresh garlic and other garlic supplements.
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Does garlic lower cholesterol? Learn more about the link between garlic, garlic supplements and cholesterol. You can access a special print version by clicking the "Print" icon in the upper right corner of this report. You can then use your web browser's print functions to print the whole report or just selected pages. You may also email or post a link to this report using the web address above. Non-members using the link will see a free summary and can join to view the full report.
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AlliMax Allicin.
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